Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	11
Number of observations	18905
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	2.2 MiB
Average record size in memory	124.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	10
Categorical	1

Alerts

`fLength` is highly overall correlated with `fWidth` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`fWidth` is highly overall correlated with `fLength` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`fSize` is highly overall correlated with `fLength` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`fConc` is highly overall correlated with `fLength` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`fConc1` is highly overall correlated with `fLength` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`fAsym` is highly overall correlated with `fLength` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`fM3Long` is highly overall correlated with `fLength` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`fM3Trans` is highly overall correlated with `fLength` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`fAlpha` is highly overall correlated with `class`	High correlation
`fDist` is highly overall correlated with `fLength`	High correlation
`class` is highly overall correlated with `fAlpha`	High correlation

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-11-26 18:14:43.929646
Analysis finished	2022-11-26 18:15:18.931535
Duration	35 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling vv3.5.0
Download configuration	config.json

fLength
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	18643
Distinct (%)	98.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	53.161416

Minimum	4.2835
Maximum	334.177
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	295.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	4.2835
5-th percentile	16.43074
Q1	24.3597
median	37.1295
Q3	69.9754
95-th percentile	139.1416
Maximum	334.177
Range	329.8935
Interquartile range (IQR)	45.6157

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	42.259789
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.79493348
Kurtosis	5.031315
Mean	53.161416
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	16.288
Skewness	2.0219617
Sum	1005016.6
Variance	1785.8898
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
19.1572	3	< 0.1%
24.8332	3	< 0.1%
26.9187	3	< 0.1%
31.3405	2	< 0.1%
12.9833	2	< 0.1%
61.6736	2	< 0.1%
20.1648	2	< 0.1%
21.0734	2	< 0.1%
20.9469	2	< 0.1%
24.5405	2	< 0.1%
Other values (18633)	18882	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.2835	1	< 0.1%
7.2079	1	< 0.1%
7.3606	1	< 0.1%
8.0518	1	< 0.1%
8.2304	1	< 0.1%
8.2311	1	< 0.1%
8.4802	1	< 0.1%
8.5738	1	< 0.1%
8.601	1	< 0.1%
8.6998	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
334.177	1	< 0.1%
310.61	1	< 0.1%
305.422	1	< 0.1%
305.324	1	< 0.1%
305.0961	1	< 0.1%
303.5676	1	< 0.1%
303.2787	1	< 0.1%
299.9304	1	< 0.1%
297.1239	1	< 0.1%
295.672	1	< 0.1%

fWidth
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	18200
Distinct (%)	96.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	22.145872

Minimum	0
Maximum	256.382
Zeros	98
Zeros (%)	0.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	295.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	7.398
Q1	11.8742
median	17.1438
Q3	24.7124
95-th percentile	58.34608
Maximum	256.382
Range	256.382
Interquartile range (IQR)	12.8382

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	18.300664
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.82636909
Kurtosis	17.013498
Mean	22.145872
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	5.8606
Skewness	3.3945407
Sum	418667.71
Variance	334.9143
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	98	0.5%
10.7539	4	< 0.1%
15.8644	3	< 0.1%
0.0028	3	< 0.1%
15.0295	3	< 0.1%
20.2021	3	< 0.1%
0.0029	3	< 0.1%
10.5084	3	< 0.1%
10.0342	3	< 0.1%
12.8155	3	< 0.1%
Other values (18190)	18779	99.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	98	0.5%
0.0001	3	< 0.1%
0.0002	1	< 0.1%
0.0006	1	< 0.1%
0.0019	1	< 0.1%
0.0025	2	< 0.1%
0.0026	2	< 0.1%
0.0027	1	< 0.1%
0.0028	3	< 0.1%
0.0029	3	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
256.382	1	< 0.1%
228.0385	1	< 0.1%
220.5144	1	< 0.1%
201.364	1	< 0.1%
190.5432	1	< 0.1%
190.139	1	< 0.1%
188.8866	1	< 0.1%
186.928	1	< 0.1%
179.2924	1	< 0.1%
177.782	1	< 0.1%

fSize
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	7228
Distinct (%)	38.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2.8246431

Minimum	1.9413
Maximum	5.3233
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	295.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.9413
5-th percentile	2.19418
Q1	2.4771
median	2.74
Q3	3.1011
95-th percentile	3.71468
Maximum	5.3233
Range	3.382
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.624

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.4723766
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.16723408
Kurtosis	0.72315407
Mean	2.8246431
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2992
Skewness	0.87304282
Sum	53399.878
Variance	0.22313965
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.1508	27	0.1%
2.0774	24	0.1%
2.1287	24	0.1%
2.1319	23	0.1%
2.3139	22	0.1%
2.1414	22	0.1%
2.1351	22	0.1%
2.29	21	0.1%
2.1717	20	0.1%
2.3483	20	0.1%
Other values (7218)	18680	98.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.9413	1	< 0.1%
1.9468	1	< 0.1%
1.9916	1	< 0.1%
1.9978	1	< 0.1%
2.0022	1	< 0.1%
2.0065	2	< 0.1%
2.0107	3	< 0.1%
2.0149	4	< 0.1%
2.0191	1	< 0.1%
2.0233	8	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5.3233	1	< 0.1%
5.1795	1	< 0.1%
5.1467	1	< 0.1%
5.0118	1	< 0.1%
5.01	1	< 0.1%
4.9946	1	< 0.1%
4.9518	1	< 0.1%
4.9369	1	< 0.1%
4.905	1	< 0.1%
4.8501	1	< 0.1%

fConc
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	6410
Distinct (%)	33.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.38024713

Minimum	0.0131
Maximum	0.893
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	295.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.0131
5-th percentile	0.12652
Q1	0.2358
median	0.354
Q3	0.5035
95-th percentile	0.7342
Maximum	0.893
Range	0.8799
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.2677

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.18270933
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.48050155
Kurtosis	-0.51687105
Mean	0.38024713
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.13
Skewness	0.48853997
Sum	7188.5719
Variance	0.033382701
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.6	15	0.1%
0.4116	12	0.1%
0.2979	12	0.1%
0.4	12	0.1%
0.2214	11	0.1%
0.2175	11	0.1%
0.5	11	0.1%
0.6154	11	0.1%
0.193	11	0.1%
0.2802	10	0.1%
Other values (6400)	18789	99.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0131	1	< 0.1%
0.0133	1	< 0.1%
0.0137	1	< 0.1%
0.0139	2	< 0.1%
0.0158	1	< 0.1%
0.0162	1	< 0.1%
0.0171	1	< 0.1%
0.0188	1	< 0.1%
0.0196	1	< 0.1%
0.0206	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.893	1	< 0.1%
0.8912	1	< 0.1%
0.8889	1	< 0.1%
0.8846	1	< 0.1%
0.8786	1	< 0.1%
0.8778	1	< 0.1%
0.8772	1	< 0.1%
0.8757	1	< 0.1%
0.8745	1	< 0.1%
0.8743	1	< 0.1%

fConc1
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	4421
Distinct (%)	23.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.21455974

Minimum	0.0003
Maximum	0.6752
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	295.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.0003
5-th percentile	0.0671
Q1	0.1285
median	0.1964
Q3	0.285
95-th percentile	0.42208
Maximum	0.6752
Range	0.6749
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1565

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.11038355
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.51446536
Kurtosis	0.031125523
Mean	0.21455974
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.0753
Skewness	0.68688736
Sum	4056.2518
Variance	0.012184528
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.194	18	0.1%
0.1939	16	0.1%
0.2126	16	0.1%
0.2	16	0.1%
0.217	15	0.1%
0.2251	15	0.1%
0.1581	14	0.1%
0.1279	14	0.1%
0.1772	14	0.1%
0.1245	14	0.1%
Other values (4411)	18753	99.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0003	1	< 0.1%
0.0008	1	< 0.1%
0.0011	1	< 0.1%
0.0015	1	< 0.1%
0.002	1	< 0.1%
0.0047	1	< 0.1%
0.005	1	< 0.1%
0.0072	1	< 0.1%
0.0073	1	< 0.1%
0.0076	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.6752	1	< 0.1%
0.674	1	< 0.1%
0.643	1	< 0.1%
0.637	1	< 0.1%
0.6296	1	< 0.1%
0.6283	1	< 0.1%
0.6264	1	< 0.1%
0.6242	1	< 0.1%
0.6224	1	< 0.1%
0.6204	1	< 0.1%

fAsym
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	18704
Distinct (%)	98.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-4.177867

Minimum	-457.9161
Maximum	575.2407
Zeros	40
Zeros (%)	0.2%
Negative	8380
Negative (%)	44.3%
Memory size	295.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-457.9161
5-th percentile	-110.8296
Q1	-20.4791
median	4.0629
Q3	24.1335
95-th percentile	65.52956
Maximum	575.2407
Range	1033.1568
Interquartile range (IQR)	44.6126

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	59.010059
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-14.124447
Kurtosis	8.2314395
Mean	-4.177867
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	21.6645
Skewness	-1.0379255
Sum	-78982.575
Variance	3482.1871
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	40	0.2%
-0.0001	7	< 0.1%
8.8077	3	< 0.1%
-0.5062	3	< 0.1%
-1.4761	3	< 0.1%
5.2783	2	< 0.1%
21.8701	2	< 0.1%
-14.7987	2	< 0.1%
-1.2309	2	< 0.1%
-25.9338	2	< 0.1%
Other values (18694)	18839	99.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-457.9161	1	< 0.1%
-449.9526	1	< 0.1%
-382.594	1	< 0.1%
-381.734	1	< 0.1%
-378.9457	1	< 0.1%
-368.633	1	< 0.1%
-363.3382	1	< 0.1%
-353.934	1	< 0.1%
-353.26	1	< 0.1%
-349.757	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
575.2407	1	< 0.1%
473.0654	1	< 0.1%
464.631	1	< 0.1%
444.401	1	< 0.1%
433.0957	1	< 0.1%
402.925	1	< 0.1%
402.1863	1	< 0.1%
400.284	1	< 0.1%
396.3379	1	< 0.1%
384.3477	1	< 0.1%

fM3Long
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	18693
Distinct (%)	98.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	10.618826

Minimum	-331.78
Maximum	238.321
Zeros	39
Zeros (%)	0.2%
Negative	6558
Negative (%)	34.7%
Memory size	295.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-331.78
5-th percentile	-79.41338
Q1	-12.7693
median	15.338
Q3	35.8694
95-th percentile	82.96334
Maximum	238.321
Range	570.101
Interquartile range (IQR)	48.6387

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	50.900687
Coefficient of variation (CV)	4.7934381
Kurtosis	4.7170806
Mean	10.618826
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	25.3311
Skewness	-1.1296137
Sum	200748.91
Variance	2590.88
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	39	0.2%
-0.0001	4	< 0.1%
16.0747	3	< 0.1%
55.3976	2	< 0.1%
-19.9547	2	< 0.1%
10.6638	2	< 0.1%
9.164	2	< 0.1%
40.4022	2	< 0.1%
20.2691	2	< 0.1%
19.839	2	< 0.1%
Other values (18683)	18845	99.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-331.78	1	< 0.1%
-318.3002	1	< 0.1%
-297.1717	1	< 0.1%
-293.1762	1	< 0.1%
-287.5067	1	< 0.1%
-287.3636	1	< 0.1%
-284.7038	1	< 0.1%
-281.9541	1	< 0.1%
-281.844	1	< 0.1%
-281.435	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
238.321	1	< 0.1%
231.446	1	< 0.1%
227.8174	1	< 0.1%
226.3506	1	< 0.1%
222.417	1	< 0.1%
217.934	1	< 0.1%
217.624	1	< 0.1%
216.985	1	< 0.1%
215.894	1	< 0.1%
203.863	1	< 0.1%

fM3Trans
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	18390
Distinct (%)	97.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.25936414

Minimum	-205.8947
Maximum	179.851
Zeros	59
Zeros (%)	0.3%
Negative	9343
Negative (%)	49.4%
Memory size	295.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-205.8947
5-th percentile	-25.63852
Q1	-10.8358
median	0.75
Q3	10.9489
95-th percentile	26.89144
Maximum	179.851
Range	385.7457
Interquartile range (IQR)	21.7847

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	20.775268
Coefficient of variation (CV)	80.100773
Kurtosis	8.6759437
Mean	0.25936414
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	10.8861
Skewness	0.12358922
Sum	4903.2791
Variance	431.61177
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	59	0.3%
-0.0001	24	0.1%
0.0001	18	0.1%
11.1602	3	< 0.1%
-8.975	3	< 0.1%
-5.4454	3	< 0.1%
8.3039	2	< 0.1%
14.2184	2	< 0.1%
-9.7914	2	< 0.1%
11.8212	2	< 0.1%
Other values (18380)	18787	99.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-205.8947	1	< 0.1%
-164.14	1	< 0.1%
-149.5513	1	< 0.1%
-142.5894	1	< 0.1%
-142.119	1	< 0.1%
-135.5051	1	< 0.1%
-134.75	1	< 0.1%
-134.395	1	< 0.1%
-133.1359	1	< 0.1%
-132.416	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
179.851	1	< 0.1%
170.692	1	< 0.1%
163.2697	1	< 0.1%
154.865	1	< 0.1%
143.8753	1	< 0.1%
139.2361	1	< 0.1%
132.589	1	< 0.1%
132.388	1	< 0.1%
131.5547	1	< 0.1%
130.8545	1	< 0.1%

fAlpha
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	17981
Distinct (%)	95.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	27.551644

Minimum	0
Maximum	90
Zeros	5
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	295.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.92724
Q1	5.5164
median	17.533
Q3	45.704
95-th percentile	80.71102
Maximum	90
Range	90
Interquartile range (IQR)	40.1876

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	26.083055
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.94669687
Kurtosis	-0.52103306
Mean	27.551644
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	14.569
Skewness	0.85745627
Sum	520863.83
Variance	680.32577
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0002	7	< 0.1%
0	5	< 0.1%
0.256	4	< 0.1%
2.701	4	< 0.1%
1.29	4	< 0.1%
0.804	4	< 0.1%
0.386	4	< 0.1%
2.76	4	< 0.1%
90	4	< 0.1%
3.4161	4	< 0.1%
Other values (17971)	18861	99.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5	< 0.1%
0.0002	7	< 0.1%
0.0003	2	< 0.1%
0.001	1	< 0.1%
0.0031	1	< 0.1%
0.0056	1	< 0.1%
0.0086	1	< 0.1%
0.009	1	< 0.1%
0.0097	1	< 0.1%
0.0103	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
90	4	< 0.1%
89.9798	1	< 0.1%
89.9579	1	< 0.1%
89.9535	1	< 0.1%
89.9528	1	< 0.1%
89.9229	1	< 0.1%
89.9155	1	< 0.1%
89.9087	1	< 0.1%
89.9076	1	< 0.1%
89.9042	1	< 0.1%

fDist
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	18437
Distinct (%)	97.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	193.71255

Minimum	1.2826
Maximum	495.561
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	295.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.2826
5-th percentile	71.41204
Q1	142.269
median	191.832
Q3	240.409
95-th percentile	326.5014
Maximum	495.561
Range	494.2784
Interquartile range (IQR)	98.14

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	74.685712
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.38554916
Kurtosis	-0.11237649
Mean	193.71255
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	49.037
Skewness	0.22878544
Sum	3662135.8
Variance	5577.9556
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
209.954	3	< 0.1%
195.287	3	< 0.1%
116.737	3	< 0.1%
246.013	3	< 0.1%
186.828	3	< 0.1%
295.34	3	< 0.1%
185.909	3	< 0.1%
216.032	3	< 0.1%
185.927	3	< 0.1%
100.395	3	< 0.1%
Other values (18427)	18875	99.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.2826	1	< 0.1%
5.5449	1	< 0.1%
5.5922	1	< 0.1%
5.6998	1	< 0.1%
5.7456	1	< 0.1%
6.564	1	< 0.1%
6.6852	1	< 0.1%
9.1574	1	< 0.1%
13.1108	1	< 0.1%
14.0229	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
495.561	1	< 0.1%
466.4078	1	< 0.1%
450.953	1	< 0.1%
450.402	1	< 0.1%
450.349	1	< 0.1%
448.0295	1	< 0.1%
446.488	1	< 0.1%
438.901	1	< 0.1%
438.8574	1	< 0.1%
437.477	1	< 0.1%

class
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	295.4 KiB

g	12332
h	6573

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	18905
Distinct characters	2
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	g
2nd row	g
3rd row	g
4th row	g
5th row	g

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
g	12332	65.2%
h	6573	34.8%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
g	12332	65.2%
h	6573	34.8%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
g	12332	65.2%
h	6573	34.8%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	18905	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
g	12332	65.2%
h	6573	34.8%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	18905	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
g	12332	65.2%
h	6573	34.8%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	18905	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
g	12332	65.2%
h	6573	34.8%

Auto

The auto setting is an interpretable pairwise column metric of the following mapping:

Variable_type-Variable_type : Method, Range
Categorical-Categorical : Cramer's V, [0,1]
Numerical-Categorical : Cramer's V, [0,1] (using a discretized numerical column)
Numerical-Numerical : Spearman's ρ, [-1,1]

The number of bins used in the discretization for the Numerical-Categorical column pair can be changed using config.correlations["auto"].n_bins. The number of bins affects the granularity of the association you wish to measure.

This configuration uses the recommended metric for each pair of columns.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows
Last rows

	fLength	fWidth	fSize	fConc	fConc1	fAsym	fM3Long	fM3Trans	fAlpha	fDist	class
0	28.7967	16.0021	2.6449	0.3918	0.1982	27.7004	22.0110	-8.2027	40.0920	81.8828	g
1	31.6036	11.7235	2.5185	0.5303	0.3773	26.2722	23.8238	-9.9574	6.3609	205.2610	g
2	162.0520	136.0310	4.0612	0.0374	0.0187	116.7410	-64.8580	-45.2160	76.9600	256.7880	g
3	23.8172	9.5728	2.3385	0.6147	0.3922	27.2107	-6.4633	-7.1513	10.4490	116.7370	g
4	75.1362	30.9205	3.1611	0.3168	0.1832	-5.5277	28.5525	21.8393	4.6480	356.4620	g
5	51.6240	21.1502	2.9085	0.2420	0.1340	50.8761	43.1887	9.8145	3.6130	238.0980	g
6	48.2468	17.3565	3.0332	0.2529	0.1515	8.5730	38.0957	10.5868	4.7920	219.0870	g
7	26.7897	13.7595	2.5521	0.4236	0.2174	29.6339	20.4560	-2.9292	0.8120	237.1340	g
8	96.2327	46.5165	4.1540	0.0779	0.0390	110.3550	85.0486	43.1844	4.8540	248.2260	g
9	46.7619	15.1993	2.5786	0.3377	0.1913	24.7548	43.8771	-6.6812	7.8750	102.2510	g

	fLength	fWidth	fSize	fConc	fConc1	fAsym	fM3Long	fM3Trans	fAlpha	fDist	class
19010	32.4902	10.6723	2.4742	0.4664	0.2735	-27.0097	-21.1687	8.4813	69.1730	120.6680	h
19011	79.5528	44.9929	3.5488	0.1656	0.0900	-39.6213	53.7866	-30.0054	15.8075	311.5680	h
19012	31.8373	13.8734	2.8251	0.4169	0.1988	-16.4919	-27.1448	11.1098	11.3663	100.0566	h
19013	182.5003	76.5568	3.6872	0.1123	0.0666	192.2675	93.0302	-62.6192	82.1691	283.4731	h
19014	43.2980	17.3545	2.8307	0.2877	0.1646	-60.1842	-33.8513	-3.6545	78.4099	224.8299	h
19015	21.3846	10.9170	2.6161	0.5857	0.3934	15.2618	11.5245	2.8766	2.4229	106.8258	h
19016	28.9452	6.7020	2.2672	0.5351	0.2784	37.0816	13.1853	-2.9632	86.7975	247.4560	h
19017	75.4455	47.5305	3.4483	0.1417	0.0549	-9.3561	41.0562	-9.4662	30.2987	256.5166	h
19018	120.5135	76.9018	3.9939	0.0944	0.0683	5.8043	-93.5224	-63.8389	84.6874	408.3166	h
19019	187.1814	53.0014	3.2093	0.2876	0.1539	-167.3125	-168.4558	31.4755	52.7310	272.3174	h

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Common Values (Plot)

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Interactions

Correlations

Auto

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample